•HPLC pumping systems typically
•employ two reciprocating or
•piston pumps                                   
•                                                        Check valves
•                                                                & pump seals
•                                                                need to be
•                                                                replaced
•
•                                                                 Pulse-free
•                                                                 flow is never
•                                                                 really
•                                                                 achieved