•Relationship between various wave properties
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•                                       C
•   n λi =    -----
•                          ηi
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•Where n = frequency in cycles/s or Hz
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•   λi = wavelength in medium i
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• ηi = refractive index of medium i
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•      C = speed of light in vacuum (2.99 x 1010 cm/s)
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•EM slows down in media other than vacuum because electric vector interacts with electric fields in the medium (matter) à this effect is greatest in solids & liquids, in gases (air) velocity similar to vacuum