How to Watch
Movies for a Film Course
Watching
a film for a film course is not like watching a movie for fun. While,
of course, I hope you will enjoy the films, I cannot emphasize enough how
much you will need to pay attention and take notes as you watch the films:
your viewing should be driven by analysis, not by the plot or the entertainment
value of the movie. For this reason, I strongly recommend seeing each film
more than once, and that you watch them with an academic purpose in mind,
rather than a social purpose. In some cases, you will have a screening
reaction assignment to write. Either way, noticing the details and
the technique in each film is the key to the work of this course.
Sometimes you might have a quiz to take on a film. Questions there
run the gamut from checking up on your perceptions of the difference between
the written and filmic texts to really picking your brain about the particulars
of an important scene. (Here's an example of an easy quiz question:
What is Harlan Maguire's occupation, other than being a hit man?
Here's an example of a picky quiz question: What sound covers the
sound of the car horn when Michael is trying to warn his father that Maguire
is on his way to Rance's room?) As you can see, you'll have to take
in both the major points and the minor details to be able to say that you've
given the film a thorough watching.
Before
Viewing:
Read
the course glossary and the introductory material to the course.
Have your glossary with you.
You
should have already read the written text! Have that, and the notes
you took while reading, with you.
Have
a notebook and pen ready to take notes.
Do
your best to make sure you won't be interrupted while you're watching the
film.
First
Viewing:
Follow
the basics of the plot and the characters.
Notice
broad themes that the filmmaker is pursuing.
Make
note (and mark the time) of scenes that seem particularly important, complex,
confusing, or wonderful.
Notice
any striking techniques (e.g. low lighting, fast-paced editing, long sections
without dialogue, etc.) and their impact on you.
After
Your First Viewing:
Think
about the source text, and judge whether the adaptation was faithful, or
interpretive.
What
changed about the details of the novel or story?
Consider
whether the director of the film was pursuing the same themes as the writer,
and if they came to the same conclusions.
Review
the questions on the reverse of this sheet, and get ready to look for the
answers as you watch again.
If
you have a screening response to write, decide what your thesis will be
so that you can look for examples to support it!
Second
Viewing:
Narrow
down and look for evidence to support your thematic interpretation.
Take
copious notes!
Look
more carefully at the details of mise en scene, cinematography, editing,
and screenplay.
Watch
carefully the important or complex scenes that you've noted. Review
sections as necessary.
What should you
be looking for when you watch a film for class?
Narrative
How
is the film structured? Determine the film's pivotal scene(s) and sequencing.
How is the story's plot told: through normal exposition? by flashback ?
with a narrator (by voice-over)? chronologically or linearly? character-driven?
objectively or subjectively? otherwise? What is the point of view from
which the film is presented? Does parallelism (the film cuts back and forth
between two scenes that are happening simultaneously or at different times)
exist between two or more scenes? Are the transitions between scenes meaningful?
Is there a climax and resolution (and denouement)? Does the film follow
conventions of continuity? Is there closure by film's end?
Themes
Look
for the film's central themes, motifs, ideas or dominant messages, as well
as the film's sub-text (what you must interpret, rather than what's explicit).
Remember that theme is not the same thing as a topic, or a broad concept!
(In Free Willy, "Freedom" isn't a theme; "The power of a child's innocence
to remind adults what freedom is" is a theme.)
Identify
prominent symbols and metaphors within the film and determine their purpose
and overall effect. What popular ideologies are reproduced and reinforced
in the film? Does the film have an original theme or a traditional one?
Is the film's theme adequately or successfully supported by the story,
acting, and other film elements?
Characters
Who
are the main characters? What are their motivations? What are their ethical
values? Their assumptions? Who are the minor characters? How do they assist
in telling the story, or developing the major characters? Are they echoes,
or foils? Is there a hero or heroine? a villain? an anti-hero? Do the characters
seem to be written to be realistic? Are they stereotypical? Do any of the
characters change during the course of the film? Do any stay the same?
How are characters developed visually? How are they developed through their
dialogue?
Directing
and cinematography
Have
you seen any other films made by the director and/or the cinematographer?
Do you recognize titles of the director's or the cinematographer's other
films? What evidence do you see that the director has shaped or controlled
the making of the film or the telling of the story in a particular way?
What visual style is presented? How is the style defined by the use of
film techniques, and how do those techniques help establish the film's
mood and themes?
Some
specifics to look for:
Framing
and composition
Camera
positioning
Scale
Color
Focus
Camera
movement
Establishing
shots (the initial shot in a scene)
Variety
and interplay of shots
Mise
en scene
What
elements in the mise en scene help underscore the film's style and themes?
How does the setting impact the film? Is the film shot on location or on
a set? Does the space seem expansive or tight? How does the setting impact
the mood or underscore the themes? Décor: What's been put in the
shot? Do inanimate objects serve symbolic purposes, or create a mood? Lighting:
How are the shots lit? Does the light seem natural or artificial? What
impressions does the lighting create? Acting: Are the performances believable?
Is any of the acting memorable? How does typage impact the film? star power?
type-casting? Does the actors' non-verbal acting make a big impact on the
film? Their costuming? What's occurring in off-screen space?
Editing
Does
the film's editing seem "seamless," as in the classical Hollywood style
of continuity editing, or is the editing done so that you can't help but
notice it? How does one shot transition into the next? Do you see simple
cuts, fades, and wipes? Has the editor used a montage to help tell the
story? Is there complicated or meaningful cross-cutting or matching that
connects the ideas from one shot to the next? Are there jarring techniques,
such as a lot of jump cutting or intentionally confusing images at the
cuts? Is the pace of the editing generally fast or slow in terms of the
typical length of a shot, and of a sequence? Does it change pace? How do
these choices develop the style or the themes of the film?
Sound
What
impact does the soundtrack music have? What mood does it set? What ideas
does it express? Are there sound effects? Is there a combination of diagetic
and extra-diegetic sound? Does the sound editing follow or diverge from
the visual editing? Does the film use an original score or well-known music?
Do certain sounds recur?
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