Security Management course: Unit 2, leadership

Aspects of leadership:

process accomplishing organizational goals (Tosi, Rizzo, and Caroll 1986)
reciprocal relationship between those who lead and those who follow. Creates a leader-constituent relationship (Kouzes and Posner 2003).
Process of persuasion: one person induces and influences others to pursue objectives (Kotter, 1990)
See new challenges, enable organization to meet them
challenging existing ways of thinking and doing, finding new ones
changing atmosphere and culture, creating options and opportunities
create vision of future, align people by creating teams and coalitions to share and understand vision.
coaches (Bennis, 1994) "who set expectations, give workers the skills and the latitude to carry out their tasks and recognize and reward good work."
improve morale -- give workers responsibility and chance to get job
change agents.
- paradigm shifts

Theories of leadership

traits
- "Great man" theory emerged in late 1800s, early 1900s,Leaders born, not made. Evolved into trait theory, that leaders have different traits from followers, such as
- now feel that "..the major competencies of leadership can be learned... whatever natural endowments we bring to the role of leadership, they can be enhance; nurture is more important than nature in determining who becomes a successful leader." (Bennis & Nanus, 1985).
- began to be questioned in 1950s. Stogdill (1974) found no individual or cluster of leadership traits apply in all situations.
  - still, in a 1997 self-reporting study of 2,000 lt.. colonels and colonels in Army, they said sensing-thinking-judging behaviors were most preferred. I've argued that, for homeland security, these are inadequate, must be balanced by intuitive-emotional-perceiving types.
Replaced by emphasis on leadership styles
("relatively stable patterns of behavior displayed by leaders (Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt, and vanEngen, 2003)der? Are they born? Can anyone become a leader? How do you prepare to become a leader?