The Blue Marble

Principles of Earth & Environmental Systems I
 ENVI.2010
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PDFs of Lecture PowerPoints
The Earth System
Origin of the Universe, Stars, and Planets
Terrestrial Planets and Atmospheres
Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes
Minerals
Civil Action
Mass Movement
Wind Erosion and Deposition
Earth Resources
Energy Resources
Supplemental Graphics
Origin of the stars and the solar system
H-R diagram.jpg (612837 bytes) Stellar evolution.jpg (576622 bytes) Elemental abundances.jpg (369299 bytes) Chart of the nuclides.jpg (418233 bytes)
Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram showing spectral classes and luminosity of stars and types of stars. Stellar evolution as shown on an H-R diagram. Abundances of the chemical elements in the solar system. Chart of the nuclides showing all naturally occurring and long-lived radionuclides.
Nucleosynthesis.jpg (799011 bytes) Planetary distances.jpg (376116 bytes) Meteorite classification.jpg (362871 bytes) Meteorite composition.jpg (537830 bytes)
Nucleosynthesis in red giants. Variations in density of planets with mean distance from the sun. Classification and abundance of meteorites. Chemical compositions of meteorites.
Meteorite age.jpg (471052 bytes) Condensation nebula.jpg (762865 bytes)    
Radiometric ages for meteorites. Sequence of condensation of minerals from the solar nebula.    
Origin of the planetary atmospheres
Gas velocities.jpg (36214 bytes) CHN planets.jpg (17121 bytes) Atm state water vapor.jpg (38467 bytes) Planetary cooling.jpg (24258 bytes)
Maxwell distribution of velocities among atoms of three gases at 1000K. Carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen for Venus, Earth, and Mars. State of water for Venus, Earth, and Mars. Cooling rates for the terrestrial planets and the moon.
Plate tectonics
Hypsographic curve.jpg (41534 bytes) Crust cross section.jpg (43876 bytes) Glomar Challenger.jpg (42983 bytes) Plate tectonics history.jpg (748807 bytes)
The hypsographic curve. Cross section of the Earth's crust. Glomar Challenger and deep sea drilling. History of plate tectonics.
Earth magnetic field.jpg (543044 bytes) Magnetic latitude.jpg (585664 bytes) Polar wandering.jpg (493358 bytes) Polarity reversals.jpg (286899 bytes)
Diagrammatic representation of the earth's magnetic field. Relationship between the earth's magnetic field and geographic and magnetic latitude. Polar wandering curves for North America and Eurasia. Polarity reversals as evidenced in a seafloor sediment core.
Reversal intensity.jpg (263113 bytes) Age magnetic reversals.jpg (454486 bytes) Magnetic stripes.jpg (968497 bytes) Seafloor spreading rates.jpg (448211 bytes)
Changes in intensity of the magnetic field during a 40,000 year period. The polarity reversal time scale for the last 4+ million years. Relationship between magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading. Seafloor spreading rates for various oceans.
Seafloor age-distance.jpg (277987 bytes) Earthquake foci.jpg (836229 bytes) Subduction zone.jpg (701194 bytes) Tectonic plates.jpg (2057899 bytes)
Relationship between magnetic and sediment ages for the seafloor and distance from a ridge crest. Distribution of earthquake epicenters. Relationships between earthquake epicenters, foci, and island arcs. Distribution of lithosphere plates and plate boundaries.
Transform faults.jpg (468032 bytes) Lithosphere-asthenosphere cross-section.jpg (1988085 bytes) Continent movement 1.jpg (1915042 bytes) Continent movement 2.jpg (1682609 bytes)
Ocean ridges and transform faults. Cross-section through the outer layers of the earth. Continental drift - 180 million years ago to present. Continental drift - 510 million years ago to 225 million years ago.
Surface and groundwater
Hydrologic cycle.jpg (160309 bytes)    
Schematic representation of the hydrologic cycle. Numbers in parentheses are the volume of water (106 km3) in each reservoir. Fluxes are given in 106 km3 y-1. From Berner and Berner (1996).    
Pollution and Public Policy
Table 17-1.jpg (817268 bytes) T-98.jpg (911411 bytes) TM-35.jpg (18866 bytes) TM-36.jpg (361879 bytes)
Principal health and productivity consequences of environmental mismanagement. Environmental indicators and per capita income. The policy life cycle. Environmental problems and the policy life cycle.
T-99.jpg (20262 bytes) T-100.jpg (39141 bytes) TM-37.jpg (52337 bytes) TM-38.jpg (72723 bytes)
Totally yearly costs of pollution control in the U.S. Environmental policies related to costs and benefits. Cost-benefit ratio for reducing pollution. Cost-effectiveness evaluation over time.
TM-39.jpg (42475 bytes) Table 17-2.jpg (73075 bytes) Table 17-4.jpg (18490 bytes) Table 17-5.jpg (46024 bytes)
Benefits that may be gained by reduction and prevention of pollution. Some environmental hazards ranked according to risk. Risks to ecology and human welfare, as developed by the EPA's Science Advisory Board. Public concerns vs. the EPA's top 11 risks

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