 Scenario-based
planning:
Takes a wide range of future possibilities and organizes it into
several scenarios (or alternatives) for consideration. Scenarios
try to "..capture the richness and range of possibilities,
stimulating decision makes to consider changes they would otherwise
ignore. Encourages divergent thinking
- Highly
recommend you download and keep .pdf overview of the process
available at bottom of page).
- 10-step process:
- identify relevant issues by
studying past
- identify major stakeholders,
current and potential
- identify basic trends that will
affect issues
- identify key uncertainties
- construct initial scenario themes
- check for consistency and plausibility
- develop learning scenarios
- identify research needs
- develop quantitative models
- evolve toward decisions scenarios
- Tactical
planning:
What's difference between tactics and strategy? Tactics are the
specific steps you'll take to achieve the strategic goals. More
focused, shorter time frame.
Contingency-based planning:
Deals with what you'll do in event of crisis or other unanticipated
events. Forces you to think in terms of a variety of possible
circumstances, and prepare for worst-case scenarios. Reduce uncertainty,
fear and delay in case of a problem. Make organization more flexible,
adaptive. Few companies have them.
Philosophies
of Planning
- Rational/Comprehensive
Traditional approach: consider all alternatives and outcomes.
After you identify goals and objectives, explore all options,
identify best one. Some believe this is unrealistic, since you
can't know all options. Top-down, limited to senior management.
- Transactive
Situation-specific: draws in everyone who will be involved. Participatory.
Usually, no more than 20 people.
- Advocacy
Used in social policy issues. Takes view that some affected by
policies have been traditionally excluded or under-represented.
Develops more alternatives.
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Security Management